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| − | == Week 1 ==
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| − | === Shared Journal Assignment ===
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| − | [[Shared Journal|Shared Journal]]
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| − | === Acknowledgements ===
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| − | * I worked with my homework partner [[User:Ymesfin|Aby Mesfin]] this week in class to complete this assignment. We talked about the assignment in class and texted about it as well if anyone needed help.
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| − | * I have also worked with [[User:Imacarae|Ivy Macaraeg]] with this assignment. She has helped me create this page and gave me resources to help me out with it.
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| − | * I spoke with [[User:Jnimmers|Joey Nimmers]] about this assignment as well and he has been an available resource to me if I had any questions.
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| − | * I consulted the Wiki Help page when designing my home page as well. [[http://mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Contents Help Page]]
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| − | * '''"Except for what is noted above, this individual journal entry was completed by me and not copied from another source."'''
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| − | [[User:Dmadere|Dmadere]] ([[User talk:Dmadere|talk]]) 22:23, 4 September 2019 (PDT)
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| − |
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| − | === References ===
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| − |
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| − | * Wiki page creation details and assignment updates as listed by LMU BioDB 2019. (2019). Week 1. Retrieved August 29, 2017, from [https://xmlpipedb.cs.lmu.edu/biodb/fall2019/index.php/Week_1 https://xmlpipedb.cs.lmu.edu/biodb/fall2019/index.php/Week_1]
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| − |
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| − | == Week 2 ==
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| − | === Purpose ===
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| − |
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| − | The purpose of these investigations was to examine color inheritance in flowers as well as seeing the effects of mutations on color, protein sequence, and DNA sequence.
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| − |
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| − | === Methods/Results ===
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| − |
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| − | '''I. Genetics - Crosses'''
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| − | # Cross two organisms.
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| − | #* Cross Green-1 and White using the "Cross Two Organisms" buttons in the Upper and Lower Work Panels after selection.
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| − | #* After crossing two organisms, the offspring is saved in the History List as a Tray.
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| − | # Self-Cross a single organism
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| − | #* Select an organism from Tray 1 and click on "Self-Cross One Organism". The offspring will be displayed in the Lower Work Panel.
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| − | #* If an organism seems interesting, save it to Greenhouse:
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| − | #** Click "Add..." at the top of the Greenhouse
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| − | #** Give the organism a name and select "Save Greenhouse"
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| − |
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| − | '''Questions:'''
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| − | {| class="wikitable"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Allele
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| − | ! Color
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| − | ! Dominance
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>g
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| − | | Green
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| − | | Dominant
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>r
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| − | | Red
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| − | | Dominant
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>w
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| − | | White
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| − | | Recessive
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>y
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| − | | Yellow
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| − | | Dominant
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>b
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| − | | Blue
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| − | | Dominant
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − |
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| − | {| class="wikitable"
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| − | ! Genotype
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| − | ! Phenotype
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>g</sup>C<sup>g and C<sup>g</sup>C<sup>b
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| − | | Green
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>g</sup>C<sup>y and C<sup>g</sup>C<sup>w
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| − | | Green
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>w</sup>C<sup>w
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| − | | White
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>y</sup>C<sup>w
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| − | | Yellow
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>b</sup>C<sup>b and C<sup>b</sup>C<sup>w
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| − | | Blue
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>r</sup>C<sup>w
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| − | | Red
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>g</sup>C<sup>r
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| − | | Black
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>y</sup>C<sup>o
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| − | | Orange
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| − | |-
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| − | | C<sup>r</sup>C<sup>b
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| − | | Purple
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − |
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| − | '''What rules can you find to explain the data above?'''
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| − | *From the data, the rule of dominance can be applied. In the presence of a dominant gene, the dominant phenotype is expressed in both a homozygous dominant and a recessive gene. In some instances, a color is produced that isn't solely made on its own such as black. In that instance, there is codominance occuring between the genes. If two genes are codominant, there will be an intermediate color such as black due to the cross between red and green genes.
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| − |
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| − | '''What are the genotypes of the starting strains?'''
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| − | *Green-1: C<sup>g</sup>C<sup>g
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| − | *Green-2: C<sup>g</sup>C<sup>y and C<sup>g</sup>C<sup>w and C<sup>g</sup>C<sup>b
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| − | *Red: C<sup>r</sup>C<sup>w
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| − | *White: C<sup>w</sup>C<sup>w
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| − |
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| − | '''Why is the flower purple?'''
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| − | *The purple flower occurs when there is a cross between red and blue. The resulting purple color comes from the incomplete dominance of the two strains. Purple cannot be created without these two alleles because it is a mixture between the two colors.
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| − |
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| − | '''Can you construct a pure-breeding purple flower using only the four starting strains?'''
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| − | *You can construct a purple flower using Green-2 and red. This is because the Green-2 strain is made up of blue alleles which is another allele for the cross in making the purple flower.
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| − |
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| − | '''II. Genetics - Mutation'''
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| − | # Mutate any one organism
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| − | #* Make a pure-breeding strain of a color and note it.
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| − | #* Select a pure-breeding organism and click on "Mutate One Organism".
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| − | #* An organism of a different color should appear. If not, keep mutating the strain until one appears.
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| − | #* Save the mutant organism and name it.
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| − | #* Figure out how the mutation changed the Protein Sequence:
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| − | #** Click on the Biochemistry tab.
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| − | #** Double click on the saved mutated organism
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| − | #** From the Compare menu, choose Upper vs Lower to compare the two amino acid sequences and make note of the difference
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| − | #* Figure out how the mutation changed the DNA Sequence:
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| − | #** Click on the Molecular Biology Tab.
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| − | #** Double Click on the organism that was saved.
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| − | #** Compare them both using Upper vs Lower in the Compare menu. Make a note of the difference in the DNA sequence.
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| − | #* Create a Journal Entry with the Data:
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| − | #** Include:
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| − | #*** The starting color and final color
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| − | #*** The change in protein sequence
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| − | #*** The change in DNA sequence
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| − | #** Attach the organism file in the Journal to store it for later.
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| − |
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| − | '''Pure Breeding Strains'''
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| − | *Yellow mutated to Orange
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| − | *The difference in Biochemical properties includes the deletion of Lys, Phe, Val, Ser, and Ala, as well as a change in the amino acid sequence.
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| − | *The difference in DNA sequence includes a deletion of Adenosine in position 24.
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| − |
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| − | === Conclusion ===
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| − | The purpose of this experiment was to analyze inheritance in flower color alleles and seeing the effects that mutations have on the color. In doing so, multiple crosses were examined to identify the genes of each different color and what their dominance was. Green-1 was dominant and white was recessive. From the crosses of each color, purple appeared, which indicated that there was incomplete dominance when red was crossed with blue. When a pure-breeding flower was mutated, there exhibited a different color after a couple crosses, which changed the amino acid sequence and DNA sequence all together. The analysis of these colors gave insight to what their alleles could be and how they affect each different color that was produced.
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| − |
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| − | === Acknowledgements ===
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| − | *I worked with my homework partner [[User:Cdomin12|Christina Dominguez]]this week to complete this assignment. We talked in person and through text on how best to approach the homework assignment.
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| − | *I have also gotten assistance with the homework through [[User:Kdahlquist|Dr. Dahlquist]] when she clarified the assignment in class.
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| − | *I have used the Aipotu website for assistance in using the program.[http://aipotu.umb.edu/docs/AipotuI.pdf]
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| − | *I have consulted the Wiki Help page when designing my entry. [[http://mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Contents Help Page]]
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| − | *"Except for what is noted above, this individual journal entry was completed by me and not copied from another source."
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| − | [[User:Dmadere|Dmadere]] ([[User talk:Dmadere|talk]]) 23:22, 11 September 2019 (PDT)
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| − |
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| − | === References ===
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| − | *Wiki page creation details and assignment updates as listed by LMU BioDB 2019. (2019). Week 2. Retrieved September 11, 2019, from https://xmlpipedb.cs.lmu.edu/biodb/fall2019/index.php/Week_2
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| − | {{Template:Dmadere}}
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| − | [[User:Dmadere|Dmadere]] ([[User talk:Dmadere|talk]]) 23:53, 11 September 2019 (PDT)
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| − |
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| − | == Week 3 ==
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| − |
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| − | == Week 4 ==
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| − |
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| − | == Week 5 ==
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| − |
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| − | == Week 6 ==
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| − |
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| − | == Week 7 ==
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