Eyoung20 week 2

user:eyoung20 week 2

Purpose

The purpose of this experiment is to use the Aipotu software to become more familiar with how genes effect the physical characteristics of organisms. This was done by determining the genes of the flowers of the software and how dominant and recessive properties effect the color, and how mutations can change them.

Methods and results

Part 1

1. the first step was to run a cross breading experiment on the flower organisms. This experiment allowed the use of the software to determine how many different colors could be made by the flowers.
   • The results of the crosses where:
     • Green 1 - Green 2 : Green
     • Green 1 - Red: Green, Black
     • Green 1 - White: green
     • Green 2 - red: purple, orange, yellow, blue
     • Green 2 - white: blue, yellow
     • Red - white: Red, White

   
   The starred alleles are actually false the colors black, purple, and orange are created by incomplete dominance in a heterozygous pair. 

1. The next step is two self cross all the colors we found using the software by selecting colors from the history trays and hitting the self-cross option. Green 1 and Green 2 are still being treated as two different colors due to the above results showing different results when they are combined with thew other colors.
   • the results of the Self-crosses were:
     • Green 1: Green
     • Green 2: Yellow, blue, green
     • Red: white, red
     • white: white
     • Yellow: yellow, white
     • Orange: yellow, red, orange
     • Purple: red, blue, purple
     • Blue: Blue, white
     • Black: Green. red, black
2. The next step was to see if we could achieve a pure bred flower of each of the colors. This was done by self-crossing one flower of the desired color and then repeatedly self-crossing a flower from the results of the desired color. This process should be repeated two to three times, and the final result should be chosen from a result group that is purely the desired color. The pure bred flower is then added to the greenhouse for later use. Not all of the colors where expected to be able to pure breed based on the earlier results.
   • The Pure breeding results:
     • Green 1: will pure breed
     • Green 2: will not pure breed
     • Red: will pure breed
     • White: will pure breed
     • Blue: will pure breed
     • Yellow: will pure breed
     • Black: will not pure breed
     • Orange: will not pure breed
     • Purple: will not pure breed
3. the next step was to figure out exactly which pure breeding colors when combined were able to make the non pure breeding or heterozyogous colors. This was done by crossing different combinations of different pure breed flowers that were saved to the greenhouse in the above step.
   • The Results
     • Green pure - red pure: Black
     • Green pure - blue pure: Green
     • Green pure - yellow pure:Green
     • Green pure - white pure: Green
     • Red Pure - blue pure: Purple
     • Red Pure - Yellow Pure: Orange
     • Red pure - white pure: Red
     • Blue Pure - Yellow pure: Green
     • Blue Pure - white pure: Blue
     • Yellow pure - white pure: Yellow

Scientific Conclusion

Based on the above data we can determine the Genotype and the resulting Phenotype of all the possible pairings. As seen in this table:

This chart is based on the rules that Green, Red, and Blue are all equally dominant, that Yellow is more recessive but still shows dominance, and white is recessive to all the other alleles.

With the data above the starting Genotype of the starting flowers can be determined. The Green 1 had a Genotype of CgCg, Green 2 had a Genotype of CyCb, Red had a Genotype of CrCw, and white had a Genotype of CwCw.

We were able to create a purple flower by combining the alleles Cr and Cbu. We could not create a pure bred Purple flower because based on the alleles it is a color that results from an incomplete dominance in the heterozygous alleles.

Part 2

1. Selected a pure breeding colored flower we isolated in part 1, in this case the white pure breeding flower.
2. The Pure white was then selected and mutated. the result were one red flower and eleven white flowers. So there was one mutation in this round.
3. The mutant Red flower was then saved to the Green House as "Red from White"
4. Then we moved from the Genetics tab in Aipotu to the Biochemistry tab.
5. The mutant organism was then double clicked so that they two proteins produced by the alleles then show up, one in each of the windows.
6. The two windows show the mutated protein and the normal protein present in the alleles of the mutated organism. A Comparison of the two can show how the mutated protein was changed into what it now is.To do so the compare button on the tool bar must be selected and then you must scroll down and select and compare top and bottom sequences.

Scientific Conclusion(data lab blog)

• The Mutated Flower had an initial color of white, once mutated it changes to the color red.
• The protein sequence is changes by the addition of coded amino acids.
• The DNA of the mutated flower is changed so that in one allele the DNA codes for different proteins.

Acknowledgements

I must acknowledge my Homework partner Marcus Avila for his help with completing the method and helping to record the results. "Except for what is noted above, this individual journal entry was completed by me and not copied from another source."

Reference

LMU BioDB 2019. (2019). Week 2. Retrieved September 11, 2019, from https://xmlpipedb.cs.lmu.edu/biodb/fall2019/index.php/Week_2