Dmadere Week 2

Week 2

Purpose

The purpose of these investigations was to examine color inheritance in flowers as well as seeing the effects of mutations on color, protein sequence, and DNA sequence.

Methods/Results

I. Genetics - Crosses

1. Cross two organisms.
   • Cross Green-1 and White using the "Cross Two Organisms" buttons in the Upper and Lower Work Panels after selection.
   • After crossing two organisms, the offspring is saved in the History List as a Tray.
2. Self-Cross a single organism
   • Select an organism from Tray 1 and click on "Self-Cross One Organism". The offspring will be displayed in the Lower Work Panel.
   • If an organism seems interesting, save it to Greenhouse:
     • Click "Add..." at the top of the Greenhouse
     • Give the organism a name and select "Save Greenhouse"

Questions:

Allele	Color	Dominance
Cg	Green	Dominant
Cr	Red	Dominant
Cw	White	Recessive
Cy	Yellow	Dominant
Cb	Blue	Dominant

Genotype	Phenotype
CgCg and CgCb	Green
CgCy and CgCw	Green
CwCw	White
CyCw	Yellow
CbCb and CbCw	Blue
CrCw	Red
CgCr	Black
CyCo	Orange
CrCb	Purple

What rules can you find to explain the data above?

• From the data, the rule of dominance can be applied. In the presence of a dominant gene, the dominant phenotype is expressed in both a homozygous dominant and a recessive gene. In some instances, a color is produced that isn't solely made on its own such as black. In that instance, there is codominance occuring between the genes. If two genes are codominant, there will be an intermediate color such as black due to the cross between red and green genes.

What are the genotypes of the starting strains?

• Green-1: C^gC^g
• Green-2: C^gC^{y and CgCw and CgCb}
• Red: C^rC^w
• White: C^wC^w

Why is the flower purple?

• The purple flower occurs when there is a cross between red and blue. The resulting purple color comes from the incomplete dominance of the two strains. Purple cannot be created without these two alleles because it is a mixture between the two colors.

Can you construct a pure-breeding purple flower using only the four starting strains?

• You can construct a purple flower using Green-2 and red. This is because the Green-2 strain is made up of blue alleles which is another allele for the cross in making the purple flower.

II. Genetics - Mutation

1. Mutate any one organism
   • Make a pure-breeding strain of a color and note it.
   • Select a pure-breeding organism and click on "Mutate One Organism".
   • An organism of a different color should appear. If not, keep mutating the strain until one appears.
   • Save the mutant organism and name it.
   • Figure out how the mutation changed the Protein Sequence:
     • Click on the Biochemistry tab.
     • Double click on the saved mutated organism
     • From the Compare menu, choose Upper vs Lower to compare the two amino acid sequences and make note of the difference
   • Figure out how the mutation changed the DNA Sequence:
     • Click on the Molecular Biology Tab.
     • Double Click on the organism that was saved.
     • Compare them both using Upper vs Lower in the Compare menu. Make a note of the difference in the DNA sequence.
   • Create a Journal Entry with the Data:
     • Include:
       • The starting color and final color
       • The change in protein sequence
       • The change in DNA sequence
     • Attach the organism file in the Journal to store it for later.

Pure Breeding Strains

• Yellow mutated to Orange
• The difference in Biochemical properties includes the deletion of Lys, Phe, Val, Ser, and Ala, as well as a change in the amino acid sequence.
• The difference in DNA sequence includes a deletion of Adenosine in position 24.

Conclusion

The purpose of this experiment was to analyze inheritance in flower color alleles and seeing the effects that mutations have on the color. In doing so, multiple crosses were examined to identify the genes of each different color and what their dominance was. Green-1 was dominant and white was recessive. From the crosses of each color, purple appeared, which indicated that there was incomplete dominance when red was crossed with blue. When a pure-breeding flower was mutated, there exhibited a different color after a couple crosses, which changed the amino acid sequence and DNA sequence all together. The analysis of these colors gave insight to what their alleles could be and how they affect each different color that was produced.

Acknowledgements

• I worked with my homework partner Christina Dominguezthis week to complete this assignment. We talked in person and through text on how best to approach the homework assignment.
• I have also gotten assistance with the homework through Dr. Dahlquist when she clarified the assignment in class.
• I have used the Aipotu website for assistance in using the program.[1]
• I have consulted the Wiki Help page when designing my entry. [Help Page]
• "Except for what is noted above, this individual journal entry was completed by me and not copied from another source."

Dmadere (talk) 23:22, 11 September 2019 (PDT)

References

• Wiki page creation details and assignment updates as listed by LMU BioDB 2019. (2019). Week 2. Retrieved September 11, 2019, from https://xmlpipedb.cs.lmu.edu/biodb/fall2019/index.php/Week_2

My Page

Assignments	Journal Entries	Shared Journal
Week 1	Dmadere Week 1	Class Journal Week 1
Week 2	Dmadere Week 2	Class Journal Week 2
Week 3	CMR2/YOR093C Week 3	Class Journal Week 3
Week 4	Dmadere Week 4	Class Journal Week 4
Week 5	CancerSEA Week 5	Class Journal Week 5
Week 6	Dmadere Week 6	Class Journal Week 6
Week 7	Dmadere Week 7	Class Journal Week 7
Week 8	Dmadere Week 8	Class Journal Week 8
Week 9	Dmadere Week 9	Class Journal Week 9
Week 10	Dmadere Week 10	Class Journal Week 10
Week 11	Dmadere Week 11	Sulfiknights
Week 12/13	Dmadere Week 12/13	Sulfiknights
Week 15	Dmadere Week 15	Sulfiknights

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