FAS2 Week 3
Contents
Summary
FAS2 is a gene that encodes for the alpha subunit of the fatty acid synthase. This proteins is particularly important as fatty acids are one of the most crucial molecules in a cell, involved in nearly every facet of a cell's function and metabolism. The gene is located on Chromosome XVI from positions 108652 to 114315 bp. It coordinates the binding of six beta subunits of the complex, which are encoded by the FAS1 gene. The alpha subunit contains 1894 amino acids.
Gene Info
Name
Standard Name: FAS2
Systematic Name: YPL231W
Name Description: Fatty Acid Synthetase
Gene ID
SGD ID: S000006152
NCBI ID: 855845
Ensembl ID: YPL231W
Uniprot ID: P19097
DNA Sequence
ATGAAGCCGGAAGTTGAGCAAGAATTAGCTCATATTTTGCTAACTGAATTGTTAGCTTAT CAATTTGCCTCTCCTGTGAGATGGATTGAAACTCAAGATGTTTTTTTGAAGGATTTTAAC ACTGAAAGGGTTGTTGAAATCGGTCCTTCTCCAACTTTGGCTGGGATGGCTCAAAGAACC TTGAAGAATAAATACGAATCTTACGATGCTGCTCTGTCTTTACATAGAGAAATCTTATGC TATTCGAAGGATGCCAAAGAGATTTATTATACCCCAGATCCATCCGAACTAGCTGCAAAG GAAGAGCCCGCTAAGGAAGAAGCTCCTGCTCCAACTCCAGCTGCTAGTGCTCCTGCTCCT GCAGCAGCAGCCCCAGCTCCCGTCGCGGCAGCAGCCCCAGCTGCAGCAGCTGCTGAGATT GCCGATGAACCTGTCAAGGCTTCCCTATTGTTGCACGTTTTGGTTGCTCACAAGTTGAAG AAGTCGTTAGATTCCATTCCAATGTCCAAGACAATCAAAGACTTGGTCGGTGGTAAATCT ACAGTCCAAAATGAAATTTTGGGTGATTTAGGTAAAGAATTTGGTACTACTCCTGAAAAA CCAGAAGAAACTCCATTAGAAGAATTGGCAGAAACTTTCCAAGATACCTTCTCTGGAGCA TTGGGTAAGCAATCTTCCTCGTTATTATCAAGATTAATCTCATCTAAGATGCCTGGTGGG TTTACTATTACTGTCGCTAGAAAATACTTACAAACTCGCTGGGGACTACCATCTGGTAGA CAAGATGGTGTCCTTTTGGTAGCTTTATCTAACGAGCCTGCTGCTCGTCTAGGTTCTGAA GCTGATGCCAAGGCTTTCTTGGACTCCATGGCTCAAAAATACGCTTCCATTGTTGGTGTT GACTTATCATCAGCTGCTAGCGCTAGTGGTGCTGCCGGTGCAGGTGCTGCTGCCGGTGCA GCTATGATCGATGCTGGCGCTCTGGAAGAAATAACCAAAGACCACAAGGTTTTGGCGCGT CAACAACTGCAAGTATTGGCTCGTTATCTAAAAATGGACTTGGATAACGGTGAAAGAAAG TTCTTGAAAGAAAAGGACACTGTTGCTGAACTTCAAGCTCAGTTGGATTACTTGAATGCC GAATTAGGTGAATTCTTTGTTAACGGTGTTGCTACTTCTTTCTCTAGAAAAAAGGCCAGA ACCTTCGATTCTTCCTGGAACTGGGCTAAACAATCTTTATTATCATTATACTTTGAGATA ATTCATGGTGTCTTGAAAAACGTTGATAGAGAGGTTGTTAGTGAAGCTATCAATATCATG AACAGATCTAACGATGCTTTGATTAAATTCATGGAATACCATATCTCTAACACTGATGAA ACAAAAGGTGAAAACTATCAATTGGTTAAAACTCTTGGTGAGCAGTTGATTGAAAACTGT AAACAAGTTTTGGATGTTGATCCAGTTTACAAAGATGTTGCTAAGCCTACCGGTCCAAAA ACTGCTATTGACAAGAACGGTAACATTACATACTCAGAAGAGCCAAGAGAAAAGGTTAGG AAATTATCTCAATACGTACAAGAAATGGCCCTTGGTGGTCCAATCACCAAAGAATCTCAA CCTACTATTGAAGAGGATTTGACTCGTGTTTACAAGGCAATCAGTGCTCAAGCTGATAAA CAAGATATTTCCAGCTCCACCAGGGTTGAATTTGAAAAACTATATAGTGATTTGATGAAG TTCTTGGAAAGCTCCAAAGAAATCGATCCTTCTCAAACAACCCAATTGGCCGGTATGGAT GTTGAGGATGCTTTGGACAAAGATTCCACCAAAGAAGTTGCTTCTTTGCCAAACAAATCT ACCATTTCTAAGACGGTATCTTCAACTATTCCAAGAGAAACTATTCCGTTCTTACATTTG AGAAAGAAGACTCCTGCCGGAGATTGGAAATATGACCGCCAATTGTCTTCTCTTTTCTTA GATGGTTTAGAAAAGGCTGCCTTCAACGGTGTCACCTTCAAGGACAAATACGTCTTGATC ACTGGTGCTGGTAAGGGTTCTATTGGTGCTGAAGTCTTGCAAGGTTTGTTACAAGGTGGT GCTAAGGTTGTTGTTACCACCTCTCGTTTCTCTAAGCAAGTTACAGACTACTACCAATCC ATTTACGCCAAATATGGTGCTAAGGGTTCTACTTTGATTGTTGTTCCATTCAACCAAGGT TCTAAGCAAGACGTTGAAGCTTTGATTGAATTTATCTACGACACTGAAAAGAATGGTGGT TTAGGTTGGGATCTAGATGCTATTATTCCATTCGCGGCCATTCCAGAACAAGGTATTGAA TTAGAACATATTGATTCTAAGTCTGAATTTGCTCATAGAATCATGTTGACCAATATCTTA AGAATGATGGGTTGTGTCAAGAAGCAAAAATCTGCAAGAGGTATTGAAACAAGACCAGCT CAAGTCATTCTACCAATGTCTCCAAACCATGGTACTTTCGGTGGTGATGGTATGTATTCA GAATCCAAGTTGTCTTTGGAAACTTTGTTCAACAGATGGCACTCTGAATCCTGGGCCAAT CAATTAACCGTTTGCGGTGCTATTATTGGTTGGACTAGAGGTACTGGTTTAATGAGCGCT AATAACATCATTGCTGAAGGCATTGAAAAGATGGGTGTTCGTACTTTCTCTCAAAAGGAA ATGGCTTTCAACTTATTGGGTCTATTGACTCCAGAAGTCGTAGAATTGTGCCAAAAATCA CCTGTTATGGCTGACTTGAATGGTGGTTTGCAATTTGTTCCTGAATTGAAGGAATTCACT GCTAAATTGCGTAAAGAGTTGGTTGAAACTTCTGAAGTTAGAAAGGCAGTTTCCATCGAA ACTGCTTTGGAGCATAAGGTTGTCAATGGCAATAGCGCTGATGCTGCATATGCTCAAGTC GAAATTCAACCAAGAGCTAACATTCAACTGGACTTCCCAGAATTGAAACCATACAAACAG GTTAAACAAATTGCTCCCGCTGAGCTTGAAGGTTTGTTGGATTTGGAAAGAGTTATTGTA GTTACCGGTTTTGCTGAAGTCGGCCCATGGGGTTCGGCCAGAACAAGATGGGAAATGGAA GCTTTTGGTGAATTTTCGTTGGAAGGTTGCGTTGAAATGGCCTGGATTATGGGCTTCATT TCATACCATAACGGTAATTTGAAGGGTCGTCCATACACTGGTTGGGTTGATTCCAAAACA AAAGAACCAGTTGATGACAAGGACGTTAAGGCCAAGTATGAAACATCAATCCTAGAACAC AGTGGTATCAGATTGATCGAACCAGAGTTATTCAATGGTTACAACCCAGAAAAGAAGGAA ATGATTCAAGAAGTCATTGTCGAAGAAGACTTGGAACCATTTGAGGCTTCGAAGGAAACT GCCGAACAATTTAAACACCAACATGGTGACAAAGTGGATATCTTCGAAATCCCAGAAACA GGAGAGTACTCTGTTAAGTTACTAAAGGGTGCCACTTTATACATTCCAAAGGCTTTGAGA TTTGACCGTTTGGTTGCAGGTCAAATTCCAACTGGTTGGAATGCTAAGACTTATGGTATC TCTGATGATATCATTTCTCAGGTTGACCCAATCACATTATTCGTTTTGGTCTCTGTTGTG GAAGCATTTATTGCATCTGGTATCACCGACCCATACGAAATGTACAAATACGTACATGTT TCTGAGGTTGGTAACTGTTCTGGTTCTGGTATGGGTGGTGTTTCTGCCTTACGTGGTATG TTTAAGGACCGTTTCAAGGATGAGCCTGTCCAAAATGATATTTTACAAGAATCATTTATC AACACCATGTCCGCTTGGGTTAATATGTTGTTGATTTCCTCATCTGGTCCAATCAAGACA CCTGTTGGTGCCTGTGCCACATCCGTGGAATCTGTTGACATTGGTGTAGAAACCATCTTG TCTGGTAAGGCTAGAATCTGTATTGTCGGTGGTTACGATGATTTCCAAGAAGAAGGCTCC TTTGAGTTCGGTAACATGAAGGCCACTTCCAACACTTTGGAAGAATTTGAACATGGTCGT ACCCCAGCGGAAATGTCCAGACCTGCCACCACTACCCGTAACGGTTTTATGGAAGCTCAA GGTGCTGGTATTCAAATCATCATGCAAGCTGATTTAGCTTTGAAGATGGGTGTGCCAATT TACGGTATTGTTGCCATGGCTGCTACCGCCACCGATAAGATTGGTAGATCTGTGCCAGCT CCAGGTAAGGGTATTTTAACCACTGCTCGTGAACACCACTCCAGTGTTAAGTATGCTTCA CCAAACTTGAACATGAAGTACAGAAAGCGCCAATTGGTTACTCGTGAAGCTCAGATTAAA GATTGGGTAGAAAACGAATTGGAAGCTTTGAAGTTGGAGGCCGAAGAAATTCCAAGCGAA GACCAAAACGAGTTCTTACTTGAACGTACCAGAGAAATCCACAACGAAGCTGAAAGTCAA TTGAGAGCTGCACAACAACAATGGGGTAACGACTTCTACAAGAGGGACCCACGTATTGCT CCATTGAGAGGAGCACTGGCTACTTACGGTTTAACTATTGATGACTTGGGTGTCGCTTCA TTCCACGGTACATCCACAAAGGCTAATGACAAGAACGAATCTGCCACAATTAATGAAATG ATGAAGCATTTGGGTAGATCTGAAGGTAATCCCGTCATTGGTGTTTTCCAAAAGTTCTTG ACTGGTCATCCAAAGGGTGCTGCTGGTGCATGGATGATGAATGGTGCTTTGCAAATTCTA AACAGTGGTATTATTCCAGGTAACCGTAACGCTGATAACGTGGATAAGATCTTGGAGCAA TTTGAATACGTCTTGTACCCATCCAAGACTTTAAAGACCGACGGTGTCAGAGCCGTGTCC ATCACTTCTTTCGGTTTTGGTCAAAAGGGTGGTCAAGCTATTGTGGTTCATCCAGACTAC TTATACGGTGCTATCACTGAAGACAGATACAACGAGTATGTCGCCAAGGTTAGTGCCAGA GAGAAAAGTGCCTACAAATTCTTCCATAATGGTATGATCTACAACAAGTTGTTCGTAAGT AAAGAGCATGCTCCATACACTGATGAATTGGAAGAGGATGTTTACTTGGACCCATTAGCC CGTGTATCTAAGGATAAGAAATCAGGCTCCTTGACTTTCAACTCTAAAAACATCCAAAGC AAGGACAGTTACATCAATGCTAACACCATTGAAACTGCCAAGATGATTGAAAACATGACC AAGGAGAAAGTCTCTAACGGTGGCGTCGGTGTAGATGTTGAATTAATCACTAGCATCAAC GTTGAAAATGATACTTTTATCGAGCGCAATTTCACCCCGCAAGAAATAGAGTACTGCAGC GCGCAGCCTAGTGTGCAAAGCTCTTTCGCTGGGACATGGTCCGCCAAAGAGGCTGTTTTC AAGTCCTTAGGCGTCAAGTCCTTAGGCGGTGGTGCTGCATTGAAAGACATCGAAATCGTA CGCGTTAACAAAAACGCTCCAGCCGTTGAACTGCACGGTAACGCCAAAAAGGCTGCCGAA GAAGCTGGTGTTACCGATGTGAAGGTATCTATTTCTCACGATGACCTCCAAGCTGTCGCG GTCGCCGTTTCTACTAAGAAATAG
Protein Sequence
MKPEVEQELAHILLTELLAYQFASPVRWIETQDVFLKDFNTERVVEIGPSPTLAGMAQRT LKNKYESYDAALSLHREILCYSKDAKEIYYTPDPSELAAKEEPAKEEAPAPTPAASAPAP AAAAPAPVAAAAPAAAAAEIADEPVKASLLLHVLVAHKLKKSLDSIPMSKTIKDLVGGKS TVQNEILGDLGKEFGTTPEKPEETPLEELAETFQDTFSGALGKQSSSLLSRLISSKMPGG FTITVARKYLQTRWGLPSGRQDGVLLVALSNEPAARLGSEADAKAFLDSMAQKYASIVGV DLSSAASASGAAGAGAAAGAAMIDAGALEEITKDHKVLARQQLQVLARYLKMDLDNGERK FLKEKDTVAELQAQLDYLNAELGEFFVNGVATSFSRKKARTFDSSWNWAKQSLLSLYFEI IHGVLKNVDREVVSEAINIMNRSNDALIKFMEYHISNTDETKGENYQLVKTLGEQLIENC KQVLDVDPVYKDVAKPTGPKTAIDKNGNITYSEEPREKVRKLSQYVQEMALGGPITKESQ PTIEEDLTRVYKAISAQADKQDISSSTRVEFEKLYSDLMKFLESSKEIDPSQTTQLAGMD VEDALDKDSTKEVASLPNKSTISKTVSSTIPRETIPFLHLRKKTPAGDWKYDRQLSSLFL DGLEKAAFNGVTFKDKYVLITGAGKGSIGAEVLQGLLQGGAKVVVTTSRFSKQVTDYYQS IYAKYGAKGSTLIVVPFNQGSKQDVEALIEFIYDTEKNGGLGWDLDAIIPFAAIPEQGIE LEHIDSKSEFAHRIMLTNILRMMGCVKKQKSARGIETRPAQVILPMSPNHGTFGGDGMYS ESKLSLETLFNRWHSESWANQLTVCGAIIGWTRGTGLMSANNIIAEGIEKMGVRTFSQKE MAFNLLGLLTPEVVELCQKSPVMADLNGGLQFVPELKEFTAKLRKELVETSEVRKAVSIE TALEHKVVNGNSADAAYAQVEIQPRANIQLDFPELKPYKQVKQIAPAELEGLLDLERVIV VTGFAEVGPWGSARTRWEMEAFGEFSLEGCVEMAWIMGFISYHNGNLKGRPYTGWVDSKT KEPVDDKDVKAKYETSILEHSGIRLIEPELFNGYNPEKKEMIQEVIVEEDLEPFEASKET AEQFKHQHGDKVDIFEIPETGEYSVKLLKGATLYIPKALRFDRLVAGQIPTGWNAKTYGI SDDIISQVDPITLFVLVSVVEAFIASGITDPYEMYKYVHVSEVGNCSGSGMGGVSALRGM FKDRFKDEPVQNDILQESFINTMSAWVNMLLISSSGPIKTPVGACATSVESVDIGVETIL SGKARICIVGGYDDFQEEGSFEFGNMKATSNTLEEFEHGRTPAEMSRPATTTRNGFMEAQ GAGIQIIMQADLALKMGVPIYGIVAMAATATDKIGRSVPAPGKGILTTAREHHSSVKYAS PNLNMKYRKRQLVTREAQIKDWVENELEALKLEAEEIPSEDQNEFLLERTREIHNEAESQ LRAAQQQWGNDFYKRDPRIAPLRGALATYGLTIDDLGVASFHGTSTKANDKNESATINEM MKHLGRSEGNPVIGVFQKFLTGHPKGAAGAWMMNGALQILNSGIIPGNRNADNVDKILEQ FEYVLYPSKTLKTDGVRAVSITSFGFGQKGGQAIVVHPDYLYGAITEDRYNEYVAKVSAR EKSAYKFFHNGMIYNKLFVSKEHAPYTDELEEDVYLDPLARVSKDKKSGSLTFNSKNIQS KDSYINANTIETAKMIENMTKEKVSNGGVGVDVELITSINVENDTFIERNFTPQEIEYCS AQPSVQSSFAGTWSAKEAVFKSLGVKSLGGGAALKDIEIVRVNKNAPAVELHGNAKKAAE EAGVTDVKVSISHDDLQAVAVAVSTKK
Gene Function
This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the proteins fatty acid synthetase. The complex of the alpha subunit with the beta subunit (encoded by FAS1) are responsible for the synthesis of 16- and 18-carbon long fatty acid chains from acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and NADPH (Cherry et al., 2007). The product of this reaction is palmitic or stearic acid (Lomakin et al., 2007). This is then transferred to other organelles and further modified before being delivered to its final destination, whether the lipid membrane or some other destination.
Differences Between Databases
SGD seems to be the only database that contains gene expression data. However, I do not seem to find any major differences in content between the databases; the only difference that I could find was that the NCBI Gene database specified more Gene Ontology terms for our gene than any of the other databases. The NCBI Gene database seems to contain far less detailed Information about the gene, however it does provide the necessary information. Furthermore, it seems that many of these databases actually derive information from each other, as I can search for the gene in all the databases using any of the unique identifier codes from any of the databases. While SGD seems to contain far more information than the other databases, it seems that UniProt actually contains far more detailed information; however, UniProt does not seem to be manually curated as SGD is because much of the information that it displays it cites from other databases.
Why This Gene?
We chose this gene after reading an article that summarized the findings of an interesting study on yeast genes that impart flavor in beer and wine during the brewing process. This particular gene was one of two genes that were identified as producing higher levels of a compound called phenylethyl acetate, which imparts a flavor reminiscent of rose or honey (de Carvalho et al., 2017). FAS2 was one of those two genes; it is responsible for encoding the alpha subunit of fatty acid synthase, an enzyme that is unsurprisingly involved in fatty acid synthesis. We thought it would be interesting to explore this gene as it is also essential for the synthesis of essential fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, which is the most common fatty acid present in eukaryotes.
Gene Image
Acknowledgements
This week, the two partners for this project are Mihir Samdarshi and Jonar Cowan. Both partners worked with each other outside of class to assist each other in finding and synthesizing the necessary information required to complete this assignment.
Except for what is noted above, this individual journal entry was completed by me and not copied from another source.
Msamdars (talk) 21:52, 18 September 2019 (PDT)
References
- Cherry, J. M., Hong, E. L., Amundsen, C., Balakrishnan, R., Binkley, G., Chan, E. T., ... & Fisk, D. G. (2011). Saccharomyces Genome Database: the genomics resource of budding yeast. Nucleic Acids Research, 40(D1), D700-D705.
- Cunningham, F., Amode, M. R., Barrell, D., Beal, K., Billis, K., Brent, S., ... & Gil, L. (2014). Ensembl 2015. Nucleic Acids Research, 43(D1), D662-D669.
- The UniProt Consortium. (2017). UniProt: the universal protein knowledgebase. Nucleic Acids Research, 45(D1), D158–D169, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw1099
- Brown, G. R., Hem, V., Katz, K. S., Ovetsky, M., Wallin, C., Ermolaeva, O., ... & Murphy, T. D. (2014). Gene: a gene-centered information resource at NCBI. Nucleic Acids Research, 43(D1), D36-D42.
- Researchers identify the yeast genes behind rose and honeyed flavors in beer and wine (2017, November 7) retrieved 16 September 2019 from https://phys.org/news/2017-11-yeast-genes-rose- honeyed-flavors.html
- Lomakin, I. B., Xiong, Y., & Steitz, T. A. (2007). The crystal structure of yeast fatty acid synthase, a cellular machine with eight active sites working together. Cell, 129(2), 319-332.
- de Carvalho, B. T., Holt, S., Souffriau, B., Brandão, R. L., Foulquié-Moreno, M. R., & Thevelein, J. M. (2017). Identification of novel alleles conferring superior production of rose flavor phenylethyl acetate using polygenic analysis in yeast. MBio, 8(6), e01173-17.
